New insights into visual-motor integration exploring process measures during copying shapes

The link between visual-motor integration (VMI) and executive functions (EF) has been repeatedly documented in preschool children. VMI is often assessed using the Copy Design task measuring product, thereby neglecting processes that lead to a specific copy. Furthermore, EF are assumed be mainly involved when new. involvement of after minimal practice VMI, however, unknown. Therefore, present study investigated product- (i.e., accuracy) process-based measures, namely velocity, fluency, five consecutive trials copying shapes. Contributions manual dexterity both product across were sample 5- 6-year-old kindergarten Results revealed children did not copy shapes more accurately trials, but quicker fluently. In line with previous findings, children's performance on dexterity, interrelated. results indicate over above copy's accuracy, also fluency crucial indicator which related dexterity. findings VMI–EF point strong during new decreasing increasing practice, already trials. New insights into discussed regard underlying cognitive processes.